Did you know that two out of every 10 people will experience an ingrown toenail at some point in their lives? This common yet often painful condition can significantly impact your daily activities, making even simple tasks like walking uncomfortable. Thankfully, understanding the causes and risk factors of ingrown toenails can help you prevent and manage the issue effectively.
At Lake Erie Podiatry, we specialize in compassionate and expert podiatric care right here in Erie, PA. With over 20 years of experience, Dr. Michael Ruiz and our dedicated team provide individualized, comprehensive treatment plans to address a wide range of foot and ankle issues. If you are struggling with painful ingrown toenails or other foot-related concerns, we’re here to help. Don’t wait—schedule an appointment today and take the first step toward relief.
Keep reading to learn more about the common causes of ingrown toenails and how to protect your feet from this avoidable condition.
What is an Ingrown Toenail?
An ingrown toenail occurs when the nail edge grows into the nail fold instead of over it. This condition commonly affects the big toe, but it can develop on any toenail.
As the nail presses into the nail bed, it can cause redness, swelling, pain, and tenderness. If left untreated, an infected ingrown toenail can lead to more serious complications, including pus formation and difficulty walking.
Common Causes of Ingrown Toenails
Ingrown toenails can be painful and, if left untreated, may lead to infection or more serious foot problems. Understanding what causes them can help you avoid discomfort and keep your feet healthy.
1. Cutting Your Nails Too Short
Trimming your toenails too short or rounding the edges makes it easier for the nail to grow into the surrounding skin instead of straight out. When this happens, the nail can dig into your skin, causing pain, swelling, and irritation.
To prevent this, always cut your toenails straight across and avoid cutting them too close to the skin.
2. Wearing Tight Shoes
Shoes that are too tight or narrow can put pressure on your toenails, pushing them into the skin and causing an ingrown nail. High heels, snug dress shoes, and poorly fitted sneakers can all contribute to the problem.
If your toes feel cramped or squeezed when you wear your shoes, consider switching to a pair with a wider toe box and better support.
3. Toe Injuries and Repetitive Trauma
Stubbing your toe, dropping something heavy on it, or repeatedly putting pressure on your toenails can cause them to grow incorrectly. Athletes and people who wear steel-toe boots or tight footwear for work are especially prone to this type of damage.
If you’re active or work in a job that puts stress on your feet, wearing protective shoes can help prevent injury-related ingrown toenails.
4. Genetics and Nail Shape
Some people are simply more likely to get ingrown toenails because of the way their nails grow. If you have naturally curved or thick nails, they may be more likely to press into the skin instead of growing straight.
While you can’t change your nail shape, you can be extra careful when trimming your nails and choosing shoes that don’t put pressure on your toes.
5. Poor Foot Hygiene
Keeping your feet clean and dry is important. Excess moisture softens the skin around your toenails, making it easier for the nail to grow into the skin. This can happen if you sweat a lot, wear damp socks, or don’t dry your feet properly after showering.
Changing your socks regularly and letting your feet breathe can help prevent problems.
6. Health Conditions That Affect Foot Health
Certain medical conditions can make ingrown toenails more common and harder to treat. If you have diabetes, poor circulation, or a fungal infection, your nails may grow differently, and your feet may take longer to heal from minor injuries.
If you have any of these conditions, checking your feet regularly and seeing a doctor at the first sign of an ingrown toenail can help prevent complications.
Risk Factors for Ingrown Toenails
Anyone can get an ingrown toenail, but some people are more likely to deal with them. Understanding the common risk factors can help you avoid the pain and frustration they bring.
Athletes and Active People
If you run, play soccer, or do other high-impact sports, you put a lot of pressure on your toes. Quick stops, kicks, or even repeated movements can push your toenails into the skin. Over time, this can lead to ingrown toenails. Wearing the right shoes and trimming your nails properly can help prevent the problem.
People with Sweaty Feet
Sweaty feet make the skin soft and more likely to let the nail grow into it. If your socks or shoes stay damp for too long, bacteria can build up, which raises the risk of infection. Changing socks often and wearing breathable shoes can keep your feet dry and healthy.
Those with Diabetes or Poor Circulation
If you have diabetes or circulation problems, small foot issues like ingrown toenails can turn into bigger health concerns. Slow healing makes infections more likely. That’s why checking your feet regularly and seeing a podiatrist for foot care is so important.
People Who Wear Tight or Narrow Shoes
Shoes that squeeze your toes—like high heels or narrow sneakers—press your nails into your skin. Over time, this can cause an ingrown toenail. Choosing shoes with enough toe room can keep your feet comfortable and help prevent problems.
Older Adults
Toenails get thicker and harder with age, making them more difficult to cut. If they’re not trimmed correctly, they’re more likely to grow into the skin. Regular nail care, whether at home or with a podiatrist, can help prevent painful ingrown toenails.
People with a Family History of Ingrown Toenails
Some people are just more prone to ingrown toenails because of genetics. If your parents or siblings have them often, you might, too. While you can’t change your nail shape, trimming them straight across and wearing proper shoes can help keep problems away.
People Who Walk Barefoot Often
If you walk barefoot a lot, especially on rough surfaces, your toenails are more likely to get bumped or damaged. Injuries like stubbing your toe can lead to nail changes that increase the risk of ingrown toenails. Wearing shoes or sandals when possible can protect your feet.
Poor Foot Hygiene
Not washing and drying your feet regularly can lead to problems. Dirt and bacteria can build up, making infections more likely if a toenail starts growing into the skin. Keeping your feet clean and dry is a simple way to lower your risk.
If you often deal with ingrown toenails, a podiatrist can give you the right care and advice to keep your feet healthy.
How to Prevent Ingrown Toenails
Luckily, there are several ways to prevent ingrown toenails from developing. By taking care of your feet and following these tips, you can reduce your risk of dealing with the discomfort and pain that comes with this condition.
Trim Your Nails Properly
The most important step in preventing ingrown toenails is to trim your nails properly. Instead of rounding the edges or cutting them too short, trim them straight across and leave a little bit of white at the end. This allows the nail to grow out instead of into the surrounding skin.
Wear Comfortable Shoes
Wearing shoes that fit properly and have enough room for your toes can also help prevent ingrown toenails. Avoid tight or narrow shoes that put pressure on your toes and opt for comfortable, well-fitting footwear instead.
Practice Good Foot Hygiene
As mentioned previously, keeping your feet clean and dry is essential for preventing ingrown toenails. This includes washing and drying your feet daily, changing socks regularly, and avoiding walking barefoot in public areas.
Protect Your Feet During Physical Activity
If you engage in high-impact sports or activities, make sure to protect your feet by wearing appropriate footwear. This can help prevent nail injuries or damage that may lead to ingrown toenails.
Be Aware of Underlying Health Conditions
If you have any underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or poor circulation, it is important to regularly monitor your feet and seek prompt treatment for any toenail issues. This can help prevent complications and keep your feet healthy.
Keep Ingrown Toenails from Causing You Pain
Ingrown toenails can be frustrating and painful, but they don’t have to be a recurring problem. Knowing the causes—like improper nail trimming, tight shoes, or genetics—can help you prevent them before they start. If you’re dealing with persistent ingrown toenails, expert care can bring lasting relief.
If you're struggling with ingrown toenails or need professional foot care, Lake Erie Podiatry is here to help. Schedule your appointment today to keep your feet healthy and pain-free.
